At the time the term Nepal was applied only to Kathmandu valley. The nation did not exist. The present Nepal was divided into several small provinces. The Baise Chaubise Rajya in the west.The valley itself was divided into smaller fragments like Kathmadu, Patan and Bhaktapur. The prime concern of Prithivi Narayan Shah was to rule over Kathmandu valley. In some way his ambition was to rule a greater and powerful Nepal.
Wednesday, June 22, 2011
Friday, June 3, 2011
Nepal - a dream by Prithivi Narayan Shah(पृथ्वी नारायण शाह) !
Nepal -- beautiful word in itself. With the name, Nepal is a beautiful country.A sovereign state located in South Asia.
The hilltop Royal Palace in Gorkha
Since ages Nepal has been known as the land of the brave Gurkhas, the name given owing to the bravery shown by the Nepali soldiers in war while serving their motherland and other nationalities as well.Initially the word Gurkhas came from the name of a place Gorkha situated in the mid-western hills of Nepal.
King Prithivi Narayan Shah
As depicted in the history Nepal was divided into small kingdoms and states. Such states were called baise chaoubise rajya in the native tongue.It was the dream,vision and farsightedness of Late king Prithivi Narayan Shah, a Shah monarch of Gorkha who conquered and united the small kingdom to a greater Nepal.Gorkha was itself a small kingdom with a small economy.Prithvi Narayan Shah was the eldest son of his father and king Narabhupal Shah born in the year 1723 AD(1779 BS).Prithivi Narayan Shah's mother Kaushalyawati was one among the four queens of his father(king).He was the ninth generation descendant of Dravya Shah (1559–1570), the founder of the ruling house of Gorkha. Though he was born to queen Kaushalyawati he was raised and educated by his senior step mother Chandra Prabhavati.It was through her schooling he learned all the good traits of a good king and a successful emperor.It was the inspiration of his senior mother that made him so loyal and dedicated with the unification and the dream of greater Nepal.He started taking general concern with the affairs of the state at a very young age as his father spent most of his time in the prayer room.From his very childhood he loved to walk around his kingdom, this helped him a lot to understand his kingdom and his citizens. His citizens also loved the future king.They believed in him.This was also quite inspirational for him.He believed in the existence of a greater and stronger Nepal. Since then he directed all of his actions, thoughts and deeds towards his campaign of unification.His fellow citizens were always strongly supportive in his campaign. To be precise it was the financial help from the people of Gorkha which laid the foundation of the campaign.Each household from the sacred land of Gorkha helped their beloved king in his campaign in every possible way they could.King Nrabhupal was highly spiritual in nature.He did not paid much attention to his royalness and ruling much.King Narabhupal left Gorkha and went to Kashi (an holy place in India ).So Prithivi Narayan Shah was in charged with the ruling of his nation at an age of 16.Later after the demise of his father in 1743 he was crowned as the king of Gorkha.
Since ages Nepal has been known as the land of the brave Gurkhas, the name given owing to the bravery shown by the Nepali soldiers in war while serving their motherland and other nationalities as well.Initially the word Gurkhas came from the name of a place Gorkha situated in the mid-western hills of Nepal.
As depicted in the history Nepal was divided into small kingdoms and states. Such states were called baise chaoubise rajya in the native tongue.It was the dream,vision and farsightedness of Late king Prithivi Narayan Shah, a Shah monarch of Gorkha who conquered and united the small kingdom to a greater Nepal.Gorkha was itself a small kingdom with a small economy.Prithvi Narayan Shah was the eldest son of his father and king Narabhupal Shah born in the year 1723 AD(1779 BS).Prithivi Narayan Shah's mother Kaushalyawati was one among the four queens of his father(king).He was the ninth generation descendant of Dravya Shah (1559–1570), the founder of the ruling house of Gorkha. Though he was born to queen Kaushalyawati he was raised and educated by his senior step mother Chandra Prabhavati.It was through her schooling he learned all the good traits of a good king and a successful emperor.It was the inspiration of his senior mother that made him so loyal and dedicated with the unification and the dream of greater Nepal.He started taking general concern with the affairs of the state at a very young age as his father spent most of his time in the prayer room.From his very childhood he loved to walk around his kingdom, this helped him a lot to understand his kingdom and his citizens. His citizens also loved the future king.They believed in him.This was also quite inspirational for him.He believed in the existence of a greater and stronger Nepal. Since then he directed all of his actions, thoughts and deeds towards his campaign of unification.His fellow citizens were always strongly supportive in his campaign. To be precise it was the financial help from the people of Gorkha which laid the foundation of the campaign.Each household from the sacred land of Gorkha helped their beloved king in his campaign in every possible way they could.King Nrabhupal was highly spiritual in nature.He did not paid much attention to his royalness and ruling much.King Narabhupal left Gorkha and went to Kashi (an holy place in India ).So Prithivi Narayan Shah was in charged with the ruling of his nation at an age of 16.Later after the demise of his father in 1743 he was crowned as the king of Gorkha.
To be continued.....
Tuesday, May 3, 2011
Abbottabad - an unheard place!
A small city in Pakistan acquires a unique place in history.Abbottabad - the name which was rarely heard of in the past has acquired a fame of its own.
Life tends to be simpler, slower, safer in Abbottabad than in many Pakistani cities.
Drivers take their time on the winding mountain roads. Streets are largely empty at night, with people routinely turning in by 9 p.m. And violence found in tribal areas near the Afghanistan border, in the disputed territory of Kashmir, and denser cities including Lahore and Islamabad typically has no place in Abbottabad.
Until Monday morning, that is. That's when Abbottabad went from a sleepy northern Pakistani city 50 kilometers (31 miles) north of the Pakistani capital of Islamabad to the site of a bloody and historic firefight. There, in a city heavily populated with Pakistani army personnel, a handful of American special forces executed a daring 40-minute raid in which they killed Osama bin Laden, the world's most well-known terrorist leader.
The electricity was out in Abbottabad early Monday, recalled city resident Sohair Athar. This was not an especially unusual occurrence, he said. Nor was the buzz of a helicopter overhead, especially given the abundance of such flights since massive floods ravaged the region.
But the freelance software engineer, who also owns a coffee shop in town, noticed the helicopter didn't land immediately, as they usually do. Instead it hovered, prompting him to write on his Twitter feed: "Go away helicopter - before I take out my giant swatter :-/."
Shortly thereafter, Athar -- who had come to the typically restive city of Abbottabad in part for peace and security from Lahore -- heard a loud explosion.
"I thought to myself, I had moved all the way to Abbottabad from Lahore only to avoid bomb blasts and violence, and now this had even followed me even here," Athar told CNN.
Fayez Noor, a 24-year-old student at the Institute of Information and Technology, heard three explosions in all. After the first one at 1:08 a.m., he texted a friend to ask him what happened. The last -- coming just three minutes later -- was the biggest.
"My house, which is three kilometers (two miles) away (from the bid Laden compound), shook and the glass in the windows rattled," Noor recalled.
Helicopters were seen, too, heading out. Noor said that one flew over his house, while Sahndana Syed, a doctor in the city, saw one final chopper flying off very low.But within just a few minutes, by 1:15 a.m., the power was back on.
"I did not think much of it, other than these were odd occurrences," recalled Athar. "I shut my laptop and walked away."
As people went to sleep, Pakistani TV stations reported it was all part of a Pakistani military exercise. It was not until after dawn that the facts became evident: one of the world's most wanted fugitives, bin Laden, had been living in their midst and was now dead, killed by U.S. forces.
"Initially, I was too afraid to go out," Syed said. "I was terrified."
"It came as a big surprise," said Syed, the 28-year-old doctor. "Nobody knew."
By the next day, the blockage of streets around the housing compound where bin Laden lived was the most visible reminder of the raid. Residents talked over tea about the fact the mastermind of the September 11, 2001, and other attacks, just a few hours earlier, had lived in their midst -- and that a foreign military, too, had descended on their city.
Noor said that some in Abbottabad are angry at the Pakistani government, not just for letting other nation's military strike in their hometown but also for the fact its own military, despite having a major base down the street, never acted on its own.
Still, for the talk, the college student said that it didn't take the city long to return to normal.
"The truth is, we're all going about our lives as though nothing happened," said Noor. "I went to college today (with) my friends here, and traffic is at is always is."
Friday, April 29, 2011
Balcony kisses seal royal wedding
Prince William and Kate Middleton kiss on the balcony of Buckingham Palace.
Prince William and Kate Middleton have kissed twice on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after their wedding service in Westminster Abbey.
They were cheered by 500,000 well-wishers who gathered outside the palace, as RAF planes flew past in honour of the new royal couple.
Police estimate a million people lined the procession route from the abbey to the palace.
The bride will now be Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge.
Prince William drove his new bride back to Clarence House, following a buffet reception at Buckingham Palace, in Prince Charles's classic blue Aston Martin, decked in ribbons and balloons with "Just Wed" on the number plate.
They will return to the palace for evening celebrations later.Following a long tradition, the ring has been fashioned from Welsh gold given to Prince William by the Queen.The church service, watched by 1,900 guests, ran smoothly but the prince did struggle to place the wedding ring on the duchess's finger.
After the couple said their vows, in which she did not promise to obey William, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Reverend Rowan Williams, declared: "I pronounce that they be man and wife together, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen."
They spent a private moment together with their families, as they signed the marriage register.
Prince William has been given the title of the Duke of Cambridge by the Queen, and Miss Middleton has become Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge on their marriage.
The duchess, who managed to keep her wedding dress a secret, is wearing an ivory and lace gown by Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen. The prince is wearing the red tunic of an Irish Guards colonel - his most senior honorary appointment.
Well-known faces spotted at Westminster Abbey included singer-songwriter Sir Elton John and his partner David Furnish, former England rugby coach Sir Clive Woodward, and former England football captain David Beckham and his wife Victoria.
Actor Rowan Atkinson, a close friend of Prince Charles, Prince Harry's friend Chelsy Davy and film director Guy Ritchie were also there.
UK Prime Minister David Cameron and his wife Samantha, Australian prime minister Julia Gillard, former British PM Sir John Major, and Home Secretary Theresa May were among the politicians present.
For those lining the route, large speakers broadcast the wedding service, and hundreds of millions of people were estimated to watch the proceedings worldwide on television.
Royal wedding: Prince William drives bride in Aston Martin
Prince William has driven his newly titled bride the Duchess of Cambridge from Buckingham Palace to Clarence House in a car festooned with balloons and L-plates.
The vintage convertible Aston Martin, which belongs to Prince Charles, had been decorated with red, white and blue ribbons and bore a number plate reading JU5T WED.
The couple, leaving the palace after their buffet wedding reception for 650 people hosted by the Queen, were followed by some of the prince's RAF colleagues in a Sea King helicopter.
Monday, April 25, 2011
Sunday, April 3, 2011
Saturday, April 2, 2011
Biofuels
Biofuels are the derivatives of biomass. Biomass as the word suggests is the material of plants and animals including their wastes and residues.The initial material of biomass may be transformed by chemicals and biological processes into biofuels.The transformation provides the advantage of convenience in transportation and ease in usage.
Examples of biofuel include methane gas, liquid ethanol, methyl esters, oils , solid charcoal etc. .When released in combustion the biofuel energy is dissipated but the elements of the material are available for recycle and reuse in natural ecological or agricultural processes. The use of natural biofuels, when linked carefully to natural ecological cycles, are non polluting and sustainable.
Examples of biofuel include methane gas, liquid ethanol, methyl esters, oils , solid charcoal etc. .When released in combustion the biofuel energy is dissipated but the elements of the material are available for recycle and reuse in natural ecological or agricultural processes. The use of natural biofuels, when linked carefully to natural ecological cycles, are non polluting and sustainable.
Sunday, March 27, 2011
Biomass
Terrestrial plants are those that grow on land and the aquatic plants grow in water.Biomass is the organic matter produced by plants, both terrestrial and aquatic and their derivatives. It includes forest crops and residues, crops grown for various purposes and animal manure.
Biomass is basically organic, carbon based, material that reacts with oxygen in air during combustion and natural metabolic process to release heat. Such heat at higher temperature can be conveniently be used to generate work and electricity.
Unlike the fossil fuels like coal,oil and natural gas which take millions of years to form, biomass form within a short time period and their formation do not cease as long as life remains. Thus it can be considered as Renewable Energy source.
Indirectly Biomass can be considered as a form of solar energy,as the plants use solar energy to grow themselves by a process known as photosynthesis.
Biomass sources of energy fall into three categories namely raw Biomass, Biofuels and Bio gas.
Biomass is the traditional solid mass, which is generally characterized by wood and agriculture residue. It is burnt down to provide heat for cooking and other purposes.The most traditional use of biomass combustion includes cooking with firewood. The extent and the amount of usage in this way is difficult to assess but its believed about 10-20% of global energy usage is made by this way. Industrially also the use of Biomass has been done since years like in the sugarcane milling, tea drying, brick drying. The usage as such is made for heat and power. But the efficiency of such usage is generally found low. Based on this it can be easily said that the biomass energy is used globally under the following main heads.
1. Domestic cooking and heating.
2.Process heat and electricity.
Biomass is basically organic, carbon based, material that reacts with oxygen in air during combustion and natural metabolic process to release heat. Such heat at higher temperature can be conveniently be used to generate work and electricity.
Unlike the fossil fuels like coal,oil and natural gas which take millions of years to form, biomass form within a short time period and their formation do not cease as long as life remains. Thus it can be considered as Renewable Energy source.
Indirectly Biomass can be considered as a form of solar energy,as the plants use solar energy to grow themselves by a process known as photosynthesis.
Biomass sources of energy fall into three categories namely raw Biomass, Biofuels and Bio gas.
Biomass is the traditional solid mass, which is generally characterized by wood and agriculture residue. It is burnt down to provide heat for cooking and other purposes.The most traditional use of biomass combustion includes cooking with firewood. The extent and the amount of usage in this way is difficult to assess but its believed about 10-20% of global energy usage is made by this way. Industrially also the use of Biomass has been done since years like in the sugarcane milling, tea drying, brick drying. The usage as such is made for heat and power. But the efficiency of such usage is generally found low. Based on this it can be easily said that the biomass energy is used globally under the following main heads.
1. Domestic cooking and heating.
2.Process heat and electricity.
Wind Energy
Wind carries enormous amount of energy with it. Generally the pressure that we feel across us as we walk or move is known as wind power.The following main factors cause winds.
1.The convection air currents caused by the heating and cooling of the atmosphere. The heating of earth's surface is caused by the solar energy.
2.The rotation and revolution of the earth.
The potential of wind energy as a source of power is large and the resultant energy is renewable in nature.
Basically the the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy is performed by the use of wind turbines characterized by long blades. The turbine is coupled with a generator shaft which produces electricity.
1.The convection air currents caused by the heating and cooling of the atmosphere. The heating of earth's surface is caused by the solar energy.
2.The rotation and revolution of the earth.
The potential of wind energy as a source of power is large and the resultant energy is renewable in nature.
Basically the the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy is performed by the use of wind turbines characterized by long blades. The turbine is coupled with a generator shaft which produces electricity.
Tidal Energy
We know what tides are. The periodic waves of water that rise and fall in the sea water are generally named as tides.The tides in the sea are the result of the universal gravitational effect of the heavenly bodies like the sun, moon etc that are around the earth. The gravitational pull becomes apparent in the motion of the water as a result of the fluidity of the water mass. The periodic rise and fall of water in the sea occur with the rising and setting of the sun and moon. Tides do have some recreational advantage. People generally enjoy spending their time along the sea shore looking at the rhythmic tides. It is believed that the tea teaches the people to be violent yet tolerant, huge yet humble and rapid yet quite.
Now it is even fascinating to know that the high tides in the sea can be used to harness electrical power, since the tides carry huge energy with them and and it is known as Tidal Energy. Also, since the gravitational effect of the heavenly bodies will remain forever, the Tidal Energy is a Renewable Energy source.
But the energy harnessing is not easy. It is not possible every where as well.It is possible practically in certain and specific geographical locations.
Generally the method is carried on by the construction of a dam across the tidal path giving rise to a tidal basin. During high tides the sea water flows into the basin and during low tide the water flows into the sea from the basin. In both these cases the flow occurs through the dam, where a hydro turbine is placed which drives a generator, which produces electricity.
In concern with the present energy crisis tidal energy has wider future prospects.
Now it is even fascinating to know that the high tides in the sea can be used to harness electrical power, since the tides carry huge energy with them and and it is known as Tidal Energy. Also, since the gravitational effect of the heavenly bodies will remain forever, the Tidal Energy is a Renewable Energy source.
But the energy harnessing is not easy. It is not possible every where as well.It is possible practically in certain and specific geographical locations.
Generally the method is carried on by the construction of a dam across the tidal path giving rise to a tidal basin. During high tides the sea water flows into the basin and during low tide the water flows into the sea from the basin. In both these cases the flow occurs through the dam, where a hydro turbine is placed which drives a generator, which produces electricity.
In concern with the present energy crisis tidal energy has wider future prospects.
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is the energy is the energy which lies embedded within the earth.It is believed that the earth has a molten core.Temperature gradience exists as we move deeper the earth surface.The fact that volcanic eruption takes place in various parts of the earth prove that belief. This heat inside the earth is used as a source of energy and is known as Geothermal Energy.
Since the molten core of the earth will never cool down, this energy source is considered to be renewable.
In some cases the steam and hot water inside the earth comes naturally to the surface in some locations of the earth. Such locations are known as hot spots.The hot steam is used to drive turbine which generates electricity. Similarly the heat can also be used in other heating and lighting applications. Generally such usage is for small scale energy production. For large scale production bore holes are sunk inside the earth surface as deep as 1000 meters, releasing steam and water at higher temperature and pressure.
Present Geothermal energy usage rate is not significantly high, but it is expected to rise with the global energy crises due to the shortage of fossil fuel.The usage of such energy sources is expected to go up in different parts of the world in the coming years.
Since the molten core of the earth will never cool down, this energy source is considered to be renewable.
In some cases the steam and hot water inside the earth comes naturally to the surface in some locations of the earth. Such locations are known as hot spots.The hot steam is used to drive turbine which generates electricity. Similarly the heat can also be used in other heating and lighting applications. Generally such usage is for small scale energy production. For large scale production bore holes are sunk inside the earth surface as deep as 1000 meters, releasing steam and water at higher temperature and pressure.
Present Geothermal energy usage rate is not significantly high, but it is expected to rise with the global energy crises due to the shortage of fossil fuel.The usage of such energy sources is expected to go up in different parts of the world in the coming years.
Introduction to Energy
Energy is the vital part of everyday life.Each of our day to day action require energy in one for or the other.To stress the importance of energy, we can simply mark that the world would not exist without energy.
Our planet earth carries energy in two principle forms, namely :Renewable Energy and Non-Renewable Energy.This classification is made on the after effects of energy usage.
The energy sources which cease away with time and their usage are categorized as Non-Renewable Energy sources. These are also known as finite supplies. Fossil fuel is the most illustrative example of non renewable energy, as they have limited supplies.
On the other hand Renewable Energy Sources are the finite supplies. They do not cease away with time. Solar Energy, Hydro power, etc are some of the examples of Renewable Energy.
Our planet earth carries energy in two principle forms, namely :Renewable Energy and Non-Renewable Energy.This classification is made on the after effects of energy usage.
The energy sources which cease away with time and their usage are categorized as Non-Renewable Energy sources. These are also known as finite supplies. Fossil fuel is the most illustrative example of non renewable energy, as they have limited supplies.
On the other hand Renewable Energy Sources are the finite supplies. They do not cease away with time. Solar Energy, Hydro power, etc are some of the examples of Renewable Energy.
Saturday, March 26, 2011
Solar Energy Collectors.
Harnessing the Solar Energy Into usable artificial forms is not a easy task. Different types and shapes of energy collectors are used to collect the energy from the sun.
c.Light Energy
The Sun lights of the planet in the day time. during the night hours solar energy can be used for artificial lighting purposes also. This can be done by converting the solar Energy into Electrical Energy and then back to Light energy.
b.Heat Energy
The sun is the constant supplier of Heat Energy to the Earth. The maintenance of the optimum temperature in this planet is due to the sun. The heat of the sun can also be used in artificial heating purposes these days like the heating of water .
Photosynthesis
The basic use of solar energy is made by the green plants in the process of photosynthesis. By this process the plants prepare food which is consumed by every other living being. Photosynthesis is the chemical process performed by plants in the presence of oxygen, mineral salts and the absorption of Solar Energy.
Solar Energy
The sun is the pioneer and principle source of every form of Energy available to us. In short its mandatory to say that the sun drives the planet Earth. Its incessant , constant and virtually unceasing energy source.
Types
Basically renewable energy sources can be classified into the following types:
1.Solar Energy
2.Hydro power
3.Tidal Energy
4.Wind Energy
5.Biomass, etc..
1.Solar Energy
2.Hydro power
3.Tidal Energy
4.Wind Energy
5.Biomass, etc..
Importance
Owing to the present energy crises ,Renewable Energy sources are of great importance.Its basically due to the infinity of their supplies.
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